Forståelser af supervision hos sygeplejersker og læger i en onkologisk klinik - et sociologisk perspektiv

Abstract

Artiklen præsenterer et teoretisk funderet empirisk studie omhandlende forståelser af supervision hos sygeplejersker og læger i en onkologisk klinik i Danmark. Supervision forstås i denne artikel som det, at nogen giver andre idéer, der ligger udover det, de selv kan komme op med. Formålet med studiet er at undersøge, hvordan sygeplejersker og læger handler og tænker i forhold til faglig og menneskelig støtte og supervision i en onkologisk klinik. Den teoretiske ramme for studiet er sociologisk og baseret på Bourdieus teoretiske begreber om kapital, habitus, felt og homologi. Metoden inkluderer 14 dybdeinterview med sygeplejersker og læger. Sygeplejersker og læger konstrueres i seks idealtyper med udgangspunkt i dispositioner, positioner og stillingtagener mhp. at analysere forskellige måder at forholde sig til supervision på. Analyserne viser, at støtte og supervision finder sted i mange uformelle og formelle situationer blandt lægerne, hvor omdrejningspunktet ofte relaterer sig til medicinske spørgsmål. Modsat giver, søger og modtager sygeplejersker sjældent støtte og supervision i deres arbejdshverdag. Sygeplejersker synes, at psykologorganiseret og –styret supervision er en god idé, selvom de sjældent selv deltager i sådanne seancer. For sygeplejersker synes omdrejningspunktet for supervision mest at relatere sig til emotionelle forhold. Konklusionen er, at sygeplejersker synes at være meget alene i deres job; uden støtte og supervision fra kollegaer eller andre, mens læger modtager og giver supervision til hinanden som kollegaer som en given del af deres arbejdshverdag.
This is an empirical study of the conceptions of psychological support in discussions of difficult issues among nurses and doctors in a hospital department of oncology in Denmark. The research perspective is sociological based on theories from Bourdieu. The term used for the psychological support and discussions in this study is supervision, however, used in a broader sense as a procedure reinforcing the person’s own ideas or bringing up new ideas. The aim of the study was to explore and understand how nurses and physicians think and act in relation to support and supervision in their practises in an oncological ward. The method included fourteen in depth interviews with physicians and nurses. In the analysis physicians and nurses were constructed into six ideal types, in relation to the dispositions, positions and attitudes in order to explore differences in the attitudes towards supervision. The analyses showed that support and supervision takes place in many informal and formal situations among physicians. Often supervision and discussions are related to medical questions. On the contrary, nurses seldom seek and receive supervision and support. Nurses find organized supervision by a psychologist to be a good idea, however, they seldom participate. Often supervision and support is related to emotional questions. In conclusion, nurses seemed very lonely in their job; without support and supervision, while physicians received supervision from their colleagues, which nurses do not.